Do you take your car out just once a week for a short drive? That’s exactly what Mehak from Dehradun does. Living in a smaller city where everything is close by, she hardly needs to use her car. On the other hand, Rahul, who lives in Delhi, also owns a car but prefers the metro for his daily commute to avoid the city's notorious traffic. He only takes his car out on weekends.
If you’re someone who doesn’t use their car often, like Mehak and Rahul, you might benefit from a Pay As You Drive (PAYD) motor insurance plan. Since less driving means a lower chance of accidents, you could make fewer insurance claims, which is where PAYD insurance can save you money.

What is Pay As You Drive?
Pay As You Drive (PAYD) is a “usage-based” car insurance. This plan allows policyholders to save on their ‘own damage’ insurance costs based on the number of kilometres they drive in a year. In simple terms, if you don’t drive much, you pay less for your insurance. There’s no need to worry about a maximum number of kilometres—you only pay for what you use. Additionally, you might qualify for renewal discounts if you don’t make any claims during the policy year.
How does PAYD insurance work?
PAYD is a comprehensive car insurance plan tailored to how much you drive. You can customise your policy based on how far you expect to drive. And if you find yourself nearing your mileage limit, you can top up your coverage to stay protected.

Nitin Kumar, Head of Motor Insurance at Policybazaar.com, explains, “It is a cost-effective solution, particularly for infrequent vehicle users like urban dwellers reliant on public transportation or families with multiple cars. Various insurers adopt different PAYD policy models. Some plans enable setting an annual driving limit with corresponding premium slabs, while others allow users to ‘switch off’ their policy on non-driving days, earning bonus days for every switched-off day.”

What are the benefits of PAYD insurance?
"This approach benefits a wide range of people from different backgrounds. For instance, those working from home or in hybrid roles often drive less, as daily commutes are reduced. Similarly, households with multiple vehicles tend to use their second car only on special occasions, leading to lower annual mileage. People living in tier-2 or tier-3 cities often drive shorter distances within their local area, which also cuts down on yearly usage. Additionally, senior citizens usually drive less after retirement," says Mayur Kacholiya, Head of Motor Product at Go Digit General Insurance.

What are the benefits of PAYD insurance?
"This approach benefits a wide range of people from different backgrounds. For instance, those working from home or in hybrid roles often drive less, as daily commutes are reduced. Similarly, households with multiple vehicles tend to use their second car only on special occasions, leading to lower annual mileage. People living in tier-2 or tier-3 cities often drive shorter distances within their local area, which also cuts down on yearly usage. Additionally, senior citizens usually drive less after retirement," says Mayur Kacholiya, Head of Motor Product at Go Digit General Insurance.

"Pay-As-You-Drive insurance can offer up to a 25% discount on your own damage premium based on the kilometres you drive annually. This tailored pricing model makes PAYD more affordable than traditional car insurance policies. Unlike standard coverage, PAYD charges you based on your actual mileage, offering flexibility that adapts to your changing driving needs," Kacholiya adds.
Some of the benefits are:
Lower premiums: PAYD policies offer lower premiums for drivers who drive less, aligning insurance costs with actual usage and risk.
Incentives for safe driving: PAYD can encourage safer driving habits. Some policies might even reward you with lower renewal prices if you drive less.

Better cost control: With PAYD, you have more control over your insurance costs. Some policies use smart technology to track your driving habits and adjust premiums accordingly.
How can you avail PAYD insurance?
ICICI Lombard's website explains the steps to get started with PAYD insurance:
Choose an insurer: Several companies in India, like Bharti AXA, Bajaj Allianz, and ICICI Lombard, offer PAYD policies. Compare the terms and conditions to find one that suits your needs.
Install a telematics device: After selecting an insurer, a telematics device is installed in your car to track the number of kilometres driven. This data is then shared with your insurer.

 

Pay premium based on usage: Your premium is calculated based on the kilometres you drive, usually in specific slabs. For instance, driving less than 5,000 km annually might place you in a lower premium bracket. Insurers often offer different kilometre limits, such as 5,000 km, 10,000 km, or 15,000 km.
Monitor your usage: Many insurers provide a mobile app or online portal to help you monitor your driving habits and insurance costs, allowing you to manage both effectively.
Renew or adjust your policy: When your policy term ends, you can renew your insurance based on your driving data. If you’ve driven more than expected, your insurer might offer an option to adjust your coverage to include additional kilometres.

 

What are the plans available:
Here are some "Pay as You Drive" insurance plans available in India:
1. ICICI Lombard Pay As You Use (PAYU) Insurance
Coverage: Offers comprehensive insurance with an option to choose coverage based on kilometres driven.
Customisation: Policyholders can opt for different kilometre slabs (e.g., 2,500 km, 5,000 km, 7,500 km).
Premium: Lower premium rates compared to traditional policies if you drive less.
Additional features: Allows upgrading to higher kilometre slabs if needed during the policy period.
2. Bajaj Allianz DriveSmart Insurance
Coverage: Includes both comprehensive and third-party liability insurance.
Technology: Utilises a telematics device to track driving behaviour and distance covered.
Discounts: Rewards safe driving and lesser kilometres with premium discounts at renewal.
Customisation: Flexibility in choosing the driving range (km-based) as per your annual usage.
3. ACKO Pay As You Drive Insurance
Coverage: Comprehensive coverage with the benefit of paying as per the usage.
No Claim Bonus (NCB): Standard NCB benefits apply; lower premiums due to lesser driving.
Digital Platform: Entire process from purchase to claims is handled online.
Flexible Plans: Options to select from different driving slabs with the possibility to adjust during the policy period.
4. Go Digit Pay-As-You-Drive Plan
Coverage: Comprehensive motor insurance with customisable kilometre slabs.
Telematics Device: Monitors driving habits and distance; better scores can lead to discounts.
Premium Savings: Reduced premiums based on lower vehicle usage.
Renewal: Flexibility to adjust driving slab at renewal based on previous usage.
5. HDFC ERGO Pay As You Drive Plan
Coverage: Comprehensive cover with kilometre-based premium adjustments.
Tracking: Involves usage of telematics for tracking kilometres and driving behaviour.
Discounts: Potential discounts for driving within selected kilometre limits.
Customisation: Option to select kilometre slabs and adjust as needed.
Note:
The premiums for "Pay as You Drive" insurance plans vary based on several factors, including the insurer, vehicle type, selected kilometre slab, and driving behaviour.
How popular is PAYD insurance?
A recent report by PolicyBazaar reveals that over one in three buyers choose PAYD plans, and three in four renew them, reflecting a growing trend towards personalised motor insurance.
What are the popular distance slabs?
Here’s how buyers typically choose their distance slabs:
5,000 km: Chosen by 30% of buyers
7,500 km: Chosen by 25% of buyers
10,000 km: Chosen by 25% of buyers
2,500 km: Chosen by 20% of buyers
Interestingly, 20% of these buyers opt for top-ups, showing the flexibility of PAYD plans.
Where Is PAYD most popular?
Interest in PAYD is highest in the South (55%) and lowest in the North (36%). The top cities for PAYD plans include:
Delhi: 8%
Bangalore: 5%
Mumbai: 3%
Pune: 2%
Gurgaon: 2%
Who is adopting PAYD insurance?
PAYD plans are most popular in metropolitan areas, which account for a significant percentage of insured vehicles:
Metros: 40%
Tier-2 Cities: 36%
Tier-3 Cities: 24%
There’s also been a 13% increase in online adoption of PAYD insurance among residents of tier-2 and tier-3 cities.

Source: https://www.business-standard.com/finance/personal-finance/drive-less-pay-less-why-pay-as-you-drive-insurance-may-be-right-for-you-124082100823_1.html?utm_source=pocket-newtab-en-intl
Bernard Madoff has gone to meet his maker, but we have not heard the last of him. Like Charles Ponzi before him, his name has already become part of the financial lexicon, shorthand for how financiers can exploit human nature for profit.


Ponzi, with a plan involving airmail stamps, gave his name to investment plans that pay old investors with money they take in from new investors, and do not make the underlying investments that they claim. Sadly, there have been plenty more such schemes since Ponzi died in 1949, many of which came to light like Madoff’s in the wake of the financial crisis of 2008. But Madoff took the Ponzi concept to extremes nobody had previously thought possible. The news that he had been arrested and charged with running a Ponzi scheme then estimated to be worth $65 billion was one of the greatest of all the shocks of 2008. Across the world of finance the reaction was the same when the news hit screens: “How is this even possible?”



More than a decade later, we can begin to see the secrets of Madoff’s success. As he departs, we should all understand the key principles that allowed him to get away with what he did for so long:






  • He was disciplined. The scheme was internally consistent, records were kept, clients received fictitious statements on a regular basis, and those who wanted to withdraw cash received it promptly. Close examination of those statements might have raised concerns but he also worked out how not to raise such alarm;

  • Consistency was his distinction, rather than anything spectacular. Everyone knows the cliche that if something looks too good to be true, it probably is. Judged in its totality, Madoff’s investment record was far too good to be true. But no one year ever looked that great. He simply continued compounding his “gains” at a rate of 10% or thereabouts, year after year. He never claimed to do better, even if the market was up 20%. It was only after he had been operating for many years that statisticians could call foul. His very consistency eventually became statistically impossible to believe, but each individual year, in itself, was perfectly plausible;



  • He understood that conservative people can be conned by the right kind of trickster, and not just the greedy hoping to make a fast buck. Madoffs’ victims weren’t in many cases wildly greedy, or star struck by some improbable way to make money in a hurry. They saw investing with Madoff as a trustworthy and conservative way to ensure that their savings would gain steadily;

  • Exclusivity will help you sell anything to anyone. Madoff did not advertise his scheme. And he had a well-practiced schtick of telling friends who asked if they could buy into his funds that they were full and that there was nothing he could do for them — only to relent and say that he could find a way in for them. In such circumstances, people feel privileged to be allowed in and perceive something special in what they are buying. It is almost a virtue that your fund is not regulated and lacks transparency. A decade later, alternative assets such as hedge funds and private equity continue to benefit from this;

  • You don’t even need a great story to persuade people to invest with you. On the rare occasions that Madoff talked about his investing strategy in public, he was almost comically imprecise. Replicating his results was impossible; but as he hadn’t told people enough to try to replicate them, he could avoid detection;

  • Utter ruthlessness and a sociopathic lack of any concern for others make crime much easier. Madoff deliberately targeted charities and his own religious groups. He stole from his friends. A practicing Orthodox Jew, he stole from his fellow congregants and ransacked the endowment of Yeshiva University, one of the central institutions of the U.S. Orthodox community, where he was the chairman of the board of trustees. One of his own sons was driven to suicide. Cynicism on such a scale is hard for most of us to imagine. In a version of Josef Goebbels’ “big lie,” the more he became involved as a philanthropist, the harder it became to believe that he was stealing from those philanthropies;

  • A position in the establishment is great cover. Madoff ran a brokerage, and rose to be chairman of Nasdaq.



Beyond these points, many red flags should have been obvious at the time. His numbers were audited by an accounting firm with only three employees. Several whistle-blowers pointed out that his numbers were too good to be true, but assumed that he was engaged in insider trading, front running or money laundering, rather than making up his numbers out of thin air.






Gossip that he was up to something was widespread on Wall Street. Several banks wouldn’t touch him. Journalists were sniffing around and Barron’s, one of the most influential voices on Wall Street, had run a piece questioning his numbers as early as 2001. But Madoff’s scheme was so well conceived and organized that he carried on as ever.


Regulatory changes in the wake of Madoff have been minimal. And so perhaps the most sobering thought as he leaves is that without the once-in-a-century crisis of 2008 he might well have died without ever being detected.


Source: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-04-14/bernie-madoff-death-a-financier-s-secrets-to-ponzi-success?utm_source=pocket-newtab-intl-en

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